one way to understand 5g is where is it cheapest because it also has the most masive use not just by mobile people but internet of things
what does itu say about 5g
forbes nov2019 authortwitter landscape 2 1
bloomberg
south china post
you tell us -chris.macrae@yahoo.co.uk
forbes
nov2019 - wireless network generation standards, the baselines are defined by an industry organization called the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), which, as its name suggests, was first put together to help define worldwide standards for 3G cellular networks 20 years ago. The 3GPP creates what are called Release Documents every few years that define some of the core capabilities of next generation wireless networks. The current release document is called Release 15, and it came out in June 2019 with many important new advances, including the full definition of the 5G NR (New Radio) standard, which forms the foundation of 5G service. 5G NR is the protocol used to send and receive wireless signals from devices like smartphones to the cellular network infrastructure (i.e., cell towers).
Makers of 5G are China's Huawei and from Nordica Regiob Ericckson and Nokia
Companies that purchase and install the network infrastructure equipment are the very well-known telco carriers—the AT&T’s, Verizon’s, T-Mobile’s and Sprint’s of the world. Most carriers (sometimes also called operators or service providers) are very regional and only operate in a few countries. Many of them outside the US are owned and/or run by their country’s governments, including the big three in China: China Telecom, China Mobile, and China Unicom. The carriers, of course, are also the companies that create the wireless plans and other services we use and subscribe to. One important thing to note is that carriers all think differently from one another and often prioritize certain technologies or capabilities (and subsequently price them) in very different ways. For example, the Chinese telecom companies have been deploying 5G networks faster than anywhere else in the world, because they see it as a key long-term economic and technological advantage for the entire country.
Mckinsey
Operators will shift toward small-cell solutions to satisfy urban capacity
In rural and suburban areas, as well as along roadways, operators can handle increased traffic simply by densifying existing networks with macro sites. In many highly populated urban areas, by contrast, they’ll need to rely on small-cell solutions for two reasons: a higher concentration of traffic, as measured by traffic load per square kilometer, and the use of higher spectrum bands (greater than 3 gigahertz).
In one recent analysis of a European city, we found that that sites with traffic density above 0.5 petabyte per square kilometer per year had a cell radius of less than 200 meters, necessitating small-cell solutions. Many other major cities or urban neighborhoods, including Kowloon, Manhattan, and Helsinki, have similar density, and others will be in that situation by about 2020 (Exhibit 3). Many major cities will be at 1 or 2 petabytes per square kilometer by 2025.
We're proud to say that communication service providers all around the world have chosen to deploy 5G using our leading network technology. So far we have
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